This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological, optical and physical data collected during NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruises in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from 2004-12-29 to 2005-11-25. These data include partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide in atmosphere, partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide in water, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature, wind direction, wind speed, barometric pressure and air temperature. The instruments used to collect these data include Barometric pressure sensor, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement and thermosalinographs.